Africa and Islam


Sources in Syllabus


General Info. about Islam

Islam is the Arabic word for "submission." This world religion was initiated by Mohammed, a prophet of Allah (God). Those who practice Islam are called Muslims. 

A Muslim must: 

  • surrender himself to Allah
  • realize that only Allah deserves to be worshipped
  • love Allah
  • be grateful to Allah
  • Qualities of Allah: 

  • Allah is his personal name
  • does not have human qualities unlike Judeo-Christian God (this would be considered blasphemous
  • The Prophets: 

  • 5 most important (the resolute prophets)-Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed
  • Prophets-messengers of Allah who lead exceptionally moral lives; can perform miracles; spread Allah's messages for good of mankind
  • Mohammed most important prophet; the last of the prophets; only one whose life can be imitated because it had been documented in great detail
  • the letters pbuh after his name- "peace be upon him"
  • The Quran: 

  • comparable to the Bible
  • holy scripture revealed to Mohammed by Allah
  • Methods of worship: 

  • place-mosque
  • 5 daily prayers facing Mecca
  • pilgrimage to holy city Mecca
  • -anything done in order to please Allah can be considered worship
  • 6 basic beliefs: 

  • Allah 
  • angels of Allah books revealed by Allah
  • the prophets
  • the last Judgment
  • supremacy of divine will and knowledge of Allah
  • The spread of Islam through Africa: 

  • first introduced in Egypt -641 AD (death of Mohammed-632)
  • spread into North Africa -654
  • 669-Muslim conquest reached Morocco
  • 698-Arab forces completely take over the Berbers
  • Berbers

    The Berbers were Christian inhabitants of Northern African countries including Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, etc. They were conquered by the Arabs in the 7th century. At first they resisted but then accepted Islam. The Berbers became the dominant spreaders of Islam because they controlled Trans-Saharan trade and, hence, were a nomadic people. Moving from place to place, they spread their faith. Intermarriage was also a factor in the distribution. 

    Integration into indigenous African culture

    Traditional customs of African ethnic groups were integrated into the religious practices. For example, in Upper Volta, during the feast held after the holy month of fasting (Ramadan) children perform dodo, which is like a skit, for entertainment. The purpose is Islamic but the costumes and masks are African in origin. 

    West Africa has generated many Muslim scholars including Shaykh Ahmad Baba, who wrote forty books (Tuba, the city where Baba's tomb lies, is considered something like Mecca to many Senegalese Muslims), Sidi Al-Mukhtar al-Hunt, who wrote 3 00 volumes, and Shaykh Uthman Dan Fodio, who wrote 150 books and manuscripts. 

    Today, Africa is the only Islamic continent in the world.


    Links

    Introduction to Islam
    Islam in Africa
    Origins of Islam---Class PowerPoint Presentation (useful links indicated)


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